Sunscreen facts: 6 Things you should know when choosing a sunscreen

Clinical Editor: Megan Dodson, PA-C

With summer in full swing and August being Summer Sun Safety month, it continues to be important to keep your skin protected and healthy. According to one estimate, one in five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. Exposure to UV radiation from the sun is a significant risk factor for skin cancer, including melanoma, the deadliest form. Understanding these risks underscores the importance of choosing an effective sunscreen that suits your needs. This article will explore six factors to consider when selecting sunscreen, empowering you to make informed choices that safeguard your skin's health.

Fun Fact: while he wasn’t the first individual to come up with the concept of sunscreen, the American pharmacist Benjamin Greene developed an early version of sunscreen during World War II. He later developed a consumer-friendly formula and became the founder of Coppertone.

When it comes to keeping your skin safe from the sun, choosing the right sunscreen is essential. From understanding SPF levels to finding a formula that suits your skin, there are key factors that can make a big difference. In this section, we'll break down six important factors to consider when selecting sunscreen. Whether you're relaxing at the beach or enjoying outdoor activities, these tips will help you make smart choices to protect your skin all summer long. Let's dive into how you can pick the best sunscreen for your needs!

1. Broad-spectrum is a must 
   
   When picking a sunscreen, always go for one that says "broad-spectrum." This means it protects you from both UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays can age your skin, while UVB rays can burn it. You need protection from both to keep your skin looking young and feeling healthy. Both UVA and UVB rays can lead to skin cancer, so broad-spectrum sunscreen is a must!
   
   
2. Don't forget daily application 
   
   Whether it’s sunny or cloudy, your skin absorbs these two types of ultraviolet rays: UVA and UVB. Everyone, regardless of skin tone, should apply sunscreen on any skin not covered by clothing. Sunscreen should be regularly applied every two hours, and reapplied immediately after swimming or sweating.
   
   
3. Check for expiration dates 
   
   Sunscreens are usually good for at least three years, but always check the expiration date on the bottle. If it’s past, toss it. Also, watch out for changes in color or consistency; those are signs it’s time for a new bottle. Avoid leaving sunscreen in extreme temperatures, like in your car, to keep it effective.
   
   
4. SPF numbers explained
   
   SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor and it measures how well the sunscreen protects you from UVB rays. While higher SPFs offer slightly more protection, they don’t last longer. You still need to reapply every two hours, or after swimming or sweating, no matter what SPF you use. Here’s a quick breakdown:
   1. SPF 15 blocks 93% of UVB rays
   2. SPF 30 blocks 97% of UVB rays
   3. SPF 50 blocks 98% of UVB rays
      
      
5. Vitamin D concerns 
   
   Worried about missing out on vitamin D while using sunscreen? Don’t be! You can get enough vitamin D from your diet without risking skin damage. If you’re still concerned, talk to your doctor about supplements. 
   
   
6. Mineral vs. chemical sunscreens
   
   Sunscreens come in different types, and it’s good to know the difference. All these types can effectively protect your skin as long as they’re broad-spectrum, SPF 30 or higher, and water-resistant:
   1. Mineral Sunscreens: Also called physical sunscreens, these contain zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide. They’re great for sensitive skin, especially for babies older than 6 months (babies under the age of 6 months should stay out of the sun, but it’s okay to apply a small amount of sunscreen to exposed areas like the face if sun exposure is unavoidable).
   2. Chemical Sunscreens: These don’t contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. Instead, they use chemicals like avobenzone or oxybenzone to absorb the UV rays before they can harm your skin.
   3. Hybrid Sunscreens: A mix of mineral and chemical ingredients.

As we wrap up, remember that choosing the right sunscreen is a small but powerful step in protecting your skin from the sun's harmful rays. By opting for a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, regularly applying it every two hours, and reapplying immediately after swimming or sweating, you're taking proactive measures against skin aging and reducing the risk of skin cancer. Keep an eye on expiration dates and consider your skin type when selecting between mineral and chemical sunscreens. And remember, sunscreen isn't just for sunny days—make it a daily habit to keep your skin healthy year-round. Here's to enjoying the sun responsibly and safeguarding your skin's health for many summers to come!